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HT48RA3/HT48CA3 Remote Type 8-Bit MCU
Technical Document
* Tools Information * FAQs * Application Note -
HA0016E HA0018E HA0041E HA0075E HA0076E HA0082E
Writing and Reading to the HT24 EEPROM with the HT48 MCU Series Controlling the HT1621 LCD Controller with the HT48 MCU Series Using the HT48CA0 to Generate the HT6221 Output Signals MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note HT48RAx/HT48CAx Software Application Note HT48xA0-1 and HT48xA0-2 Power-on Reset Timing
Features
* Operating voltage: 2.0V~5.5V * 23 bidirectional I/O lines (max.) * 1 interrupt input shared with an I/O line * 8-bit programmable timer/event counter with overflow * PFD supported * HALT function and wake-up feature reduce power
consumption
* 8-level subroutine nesting * Up to 1ms instruction cycle with 4MHz system clock at
interrupt and 8-stage prescaler (TMR0)
* 16-bit programmable timer/event counter and over-
VDD=3V
* Bit manipulation instruction * 16-bit table read instruction * 63 powerful instructions * All instructions in one or two machine cycles * Low voltage reset function * 28-pin SOP/SSOP (209mil) package
flow interrupts (TMR1)
* On-chip crystal and RC oscillator * Watchdog Timer * 24K16 program memory ROM (8K16 bits3
banks)
* 2248 data memory RAM
General Description
The HT48RA3/HT48CA3 are 8-bit high performance, RISC architecture microcontroller devices specifically designed for multiple I/O control product applications. The data ROM can be used to store remote control codes. The mask version HT48CA3 is fully pin and functionally compatible with the OTP version HT48RA3 device. The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibility, timer functions, oscillator options, watchdog timer, programmable frequency divider, HALT and wake-up functions, as well as low cost, enhance the versatility of these devices to suit a wide range of application possibilities such as industrial control, consumer products, subsystem controllers, and particularly suitable for use in products such as universal remote controller (URC).
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HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Block Diagram
TM R1C M IN T /P F 0 TM R1
fS U X
YS
/4
TM R1
In te rru p t C ir c u it P ro g ra m C o u n te r BP STACK IN T C TM R0C TM R0 M
U X
P r e s c a le r TM R0
fS
YS
P ro g ra m ROM
E N /D IS In s tr u c tio n R e g is te r MP M U X W DTS DATA M e m o ry W D T P r e s c a le r WDT M U X W DT OSC PAC In s tr u c tio n D ecoder ALU T im in g G e n e ra to r S h ifte r MUX PA PFD PBC PB PCC OSC2 OSC1 RES VDD VSS ACC PC PORT C PORT B PB0~PB7 PORT A fS
YS
/4
PA0~PA7
STATUS
PC0~PC5
PFC PF
PORT F
PF0
Pin Assignment
PB5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 PB4 PA3 PA2 PA1 PA0 PB3 PB2 PB1 P B 0 /P F D VSS P F 0 /IN T P C 0 /T M R 0 PC1 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 PB6 PB7 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 OSC2 OSC1 VDD RES P C 5 /T M R 1 PC4 PC3 PC2
H T 4 8 R A 3 /H T 4 8 C A 3 2 8 S O P -A /S S O P -A
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Pin Description
Pin Name RES I/O I ROM Code Option 3/4 Wake-up* Pull-high*** Description Schmitt trigger reset input, active low. Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each bit can be configured as a wake-up input by an option. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with/without pull-high resistor. The pull-high resistor of each input/output line is also optional. Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with/without pull-high resistor. The pull-high resistor of each input/output line is also optional. The output mode of PB0 can be used as an internal PFD signal output and it can be used as a various frequency carrier signal. Negative power supply, ground Bidirectional 6-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with/without pull-high resistor. The pull-high resistor of each input/output line is also optional. PC0 and PC5 are pin shared with TMR0 and TMR1 function pins. Bidirectional 1-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with/without pull-high resistor. The pull-high resistor of this input/output line is also optional. PF0 is pin shared with the INT function pin. Positive power supply OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an RC network or Crystal (determined by hardware option) for the internal system clock. In the case of RC operation, OSC2 is the output terminal for 1/4 system clock.
PA0~PA7
I/O
PB0/PFD PB1~PB7
I/O
Pull-high** PB0 or PFD
VSS PC0/TMR0 PC1~PC4 PC5/TMR1
3/4
3/4
I/O
Pull-high*
PF0/INT
I/O
Pull-high*
VDD OSC1 OSC2 Note:
3/4 I O * Bit option ** Nibble option *** Byte option
3/4 Crystal or RC
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ...........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.0V Input Voltage..............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V IOL Total ..............................................................150mA Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. Storage Temperature ............................-50C to 125C Operating Temperature...........................-40C to 85C IOH Total ............................................................-100mA
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D.C. Characteristics
Symbol VDD IDD1 Parameter Operating Voltage Operating Current 5V IDD2 Operating Current (Crystal OSC, RC OSC) Standby Current (WDT Enabled and WDT RC OSC On) Standby Current (WDT Disabled) 5V VIL1 VIH1 VIL2 VIH2 VLVR Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports Input High Voltage for I/O Ports Input Low Voltage (RES) Input High Voltage (RES) Low Voltage Reset 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3V I/O Port Sink Current 5V IOH 3V I/O Port Source Current 5V RPH 3V Pull-high Resistance 5V 3/4 VOH=0.9VDD LVR=2.0V LVR=3.0V VOL=0.1VDD 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 5V 3V No load, system HALT 5V 3V No load, system HALT No load, fSYS=8MHz Test Conditions VDD 3/4 3V Conditions 3/4 No load, fSYS=4MHz Min. 2.0 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 0 0.7VDD 0 0.9VDD 1.8 2.7 4 10 -2 -5 20 10 Typ. 3/4 0.6 2 4 1.1 4 0.1 0.2 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 1.9 3.0 8 20 -4 -10 60 30 Max. 5.5 1.5 4 8 5 10 1 2 0.3VDD VDD 0.4VDD VDD 2.0 3.3 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 100 50 Ta=25C Unit V mA mA mA mA mA mA mA V V V V V V mA mA mA mA kW kW
ISTB1
ISTB2
IOL
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A.C. Characteristics
Symbol Parameter System Clock (Crystal OSC) System Clock (RC OSC) Timer I/P Frequency (TMR0/TMR1) Watchdog Oscillator Period 5V tWDT1 tWDT2 tRES tSST tLVR tINT tACC Watchdog Time-out Period (WDT OSC) Watchdog Time-out Period (fSYS/4) External Reset Low Pulse Width System Start-up Timer Period Low Voltage Width to Reset Interrupt Pulse Width Data ROM Access Time 3V Without WDT prescaler 5V 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 Without WDT prescaler 3/4 Power-up reset or wake-up from HALT 3/4 3/4 3/4 8 3/4 1 3/4 1 1 1 17 1024 3/4 1024 3/4 3/4 3/4 33 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 ms tSYS ms tSYS ms ms ms Test Conditions VDD 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3V 50% duty 5V 3V 3/4 0 45 32 11 Conditions 2.0V~5.5V 3.3V~5.5V 2.0V~5.5V 3.3V~5.5V Min. 400 400 400 400 0 Typ. 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 90 65 23 Max. 4000 8000 4000 8000 4000 8000 180 130 46 Ta=25C Unit kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz ms ms ms
fSYS1
fSYS2
fTIMER
tWDTOSC
Note: tSYS=1/(fSYS)
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Functional Description
Execution Flow The system clock for the MCU is derived from either a crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles. Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while decoding and execution takes the next instruction cycle. However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruction to effectively execute in a cycle. If an instruction changes the program counter, two cycles are required to complete the instruction. Program Counter - PC The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in which the instructions stored in the program ROM are executed and its contents specify a full range of program memory. After accessing a program memory word to fetch an instruction code, the contents of the program counter are
T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2
incremented by one. The program counter then points to the memory word containing the next instruction code. When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip execution, loading register, subroutine call or return from subroutine, initial reset, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from interrupts, the PC manipulates the program transfer by loading the address corresponding to each instruction. The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction. Otherwise proceed to the next instruction. The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a readable and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be within the current program ROM page. When a control transfer takes place, an additional dummy cycle is required.
S y s te m
C lo c k
T3
T4
T1
T2
T3
T4
O S C 2 ( R C o n ly ) PC PC PC+1 PC+2
F e tc h IN S T (P C ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C -1 )
F e tc h IN S T (P C + 1 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C )
F e tc h IN S T (P C + 2 ) E x e c u te IN S T (P C + 1 )
Execution Flow Program Counter *14~*8 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000 *7 0 0 0 0 *6 0 0 0 0 *5 0 0 0 0 *4 0 0 0 0 *3 0 0 1 1 *2 0 1 0 1 *1 0 0 0 0 *0 0 0 0 0
Mode Initial Reset External Interrupt Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow Skip Loading PCL Jump, Call Branch Return (RET, RETI)
*14~*13, (*12~*0+2): (within current bank) *14~*8 BP(1~0), #12~#8 S14~S8 @7 #7 S7 @6 #6 S6 @5 #5 S5 @4 #4 S4 @3 #3 S3 @2 #2 S2 @1 #1 S1 @0 #0 S0
Program Counter Note: *14~*0: Program counter bits #14~#0: Instruction code bits 1 bank: 8K words Rev. 1.30 6 October 12, 2007 S14~S0: Stack register bits @7~@0: PCL bits
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Program Memory - ROM The program memory is used to store the program instructions which are to be executed. It also contains data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized into 819216 bits3 banks, addressed by the program counter and table pointer. Certain locations in the program memory are reserved for special usage:
* Location 000H
000H 004H 008H D e v ic e In itia liz a tio n P r o g r a m E x te r n a l In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r In te r r u p t S u b r o u tin e P ro g ra m M e m o ry L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s )
n00H nFFH
This area is reserved for program initialization. After chip reset, the program always begins execution at location 000H.
* Location 004H
5FFFH
L o o k - u p T a b le ( 2 5 6 w o r d s ) 1 6 b its N o te : n ra n g e s fro m 0 to 5 F
This area is reserved for the external interrupt service program. If the INT input pin is activated, the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 004H.
* Location 008H
Program Memory about. Given this, using the table read instruction in the main routine and the ISR simultaneously should be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has to be applied in both main routine and the ISR, the interrupt(s) is supposed to be disabled prior to the table read instruction. It (They) will not be enabled until the TBLH in the main routine has been backup. All table related instructions require 2 cycles to complete the operation. Stack Register - STACK This is a special part of the memory which is used to save the contents of the program counter (PC) only. The stack is organized into 8 levels and is neither part of the data nor part of the program space, and is neither readable nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the stack pointer (SP) and is neither readable nor writeable. At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the contents of the program counter are pushed onto the stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine, signaled by a return instruction (RET or RETI), the program counter is restored to its previous value from the stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the stack. If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the stack pointer is decremented (by RET or RETI), the interrupt Table Location
This area is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow, and if the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 008H .
* Location 00CH
This location is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results from a Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow, and the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins execution at location 00CH.
* Table location
Any location in the program memory can be used as look-up tables. The instructions TABRDC [m] (page specified by TBHP) and TABRDL [m] (the last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to TBLH (08H). The higher-order byte table pointer TBHP (1FH) and lower-order byte table pointer TBLP (07H) are read/write registers, which indicate the table locations. Before accessing the table, the location has to be placed in TBHP and TBLP. The TBLH is read only and cannot be restored. If the main routine and the ISR (interrupt service routine) both employ the table read instruction, the contents of TBLH in the main routine are likely to be changed by the table read instruction used in the ISR. Errors are thus brought
Instruction TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m]
*14~*8 TBHP 1011111
*7 @7 @7
*6 @6 @6
*5 @5 @5
*4 @4 @4
*3 @3 @3
*2 @2 @2
*1 @1 @1
*0 @0 @0
Table Location Note: *14~*0: Table location bits @7~@0: Table pointer bits
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will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow allowing the programmer to use the structure more easily. In a similar case, if the stack is full and a CALL is subsequently executed, stack overflow occurs and the first entry will be lost (only the most recent 8 return addresses are stored). Data Memory - RAM The data memory is designed with 2508 bits. The data memory is divided into two functional groups: special function registers and general purpose data memory (2248). Most are read/write, but some are read only. The special function registers include the indirect addressing registers (R0;00H, R1;02H) bank pointer (BP; 0 4 H ) , Ti m e r / E v e n t C o u n t e r 0 ( T M R 0 ; 0 D H ) , Timer/Event Counter 0 control register (TMR0C;0EH), Timer/Event Counter 1 higher order byte register (TMR1H;0FH), Timer/Event Counter 1 lower order byte register (TMR1L;10H), Timer/Event Counter 1 control register (TMR1C;11H), program counter lower-order byte register (PCL;06H), memory pointer registers (MP0;01H, MP1;03H), accumulator (ACC;05H), table pointer (TBLP;07H, TBHP;1FH), table higher-order byte register (TBLH;08H), status register (STATUS; 0AH), interrupt control register (INTC;0BH), Watchdog Timer option setting register (WDTS;09H), I/O registers (PA;12H, PB;14H, PC;16H, PF;1CH), and I/O control registers (PAC;13H, PBC;15H, PCC;17H, PFC;1DH). The remaining space before the 20H is reserved for future expanded usage and reading these locations will get 00H. The general purpose data memory, addressed from 20H to FFH, is used for data and control information under instruction commands. All of the data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations directly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data memory can be set and reset by SET [m].i and CLR [m].i. They are also indirectly accessible through memory pointer registers (MP0 or MP1). Indirect Addressing Register Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers that are not physically implemented. Any read/write operation of [00H] ([02H]) will access data memory pointed to by MP0 (MP1). Reading location 00H (02H) itself indirectly will return the result 00H. Writing indirectly results in no operation. The memory pointer registers (MP0 and MP1) are 8-bit registers. Accumulator The accumulator is closely related to ALU operations. It is also mapped to location of the data memory and can carry out immediate data operations. The data move00H 01H 02H 03H 04H 05H 06H 07H 08H 09H 0AH 0BH 0CH 0DH 0EH 0FH 10H 11H 12H 13H 14H 15H 16H 17H 18H 19H 1AH 1BH 1CH 1DH 1EH 1FH 20H TBHP PF PFC :U nused R e a d a s "0 0 " TM R0 TM R0C TM R1H TM R1L TM R1C PA PAC PB PBC PC PCC In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 0 MP0 In d ir e c t A d d r e s s in g R e g is te r 1 MP1 BP ACC PCL TBLP TBLH W DTS STATUS IN T C S p e c ia l P u r p o s e DATA M EM ORY
G e n e ra l P u rp o s e DATA M EM ORY (2 2 4 B y te s )
FFH
RAM Mapping ment between two data memory locations must pass through the accumulator. Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. The ALU provides the following functions:
* Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA) * Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL) * Increment and decrement (INC, DEC) * Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC) * Increment and Decrement (INC, DEC) * Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ ....)
The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation but also changes the status register.
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Status Register - STATUS This 8-bit register (0AH) contains the zero flag (Z), carry flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV), power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag (TO). It also records the status information and controls the operation sequence. With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the status register can be altered by instructions like most other registers. Any data written into the status register will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addition operations related to the status register may give different results from those intended. The TO flag can be affected only by system power-up, a WDT time-out or executing the CLR WDT or HALT instruction. The PDF flag can be affected only by executing the HALT or CLR WDT instruction or during a system power-up. The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of the latest operations. In addition, on entering the interrupt sequence or executing the subroutine call, the status register will not be pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of the status are important and if the subroutine can corrupt the status register, precautions must be taken to save it properly. Interrupt The device provides an external interrupt and internal timer/event counter interrupts. The Interrupt Control Register (INTC;0BH) contains the interrupt control bits to set the enable or disable and the interrupt request flags. Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other interrupts will be blocked (by clearing the EMI bit). This scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other interrupt requests may occur during this interval but only Bit No. 0 Labels C the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain interrupt requires servicing within the service routine, the EMI bit and the corresponding bit of the INTC may be set to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the related interrupt is enabled, until the SP is decremented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must be prevented from becoming full. All these kinds of interrupts have a wake-up capability. As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by pushing the program counter onto the stack, followed by a branch to a subroutine at specified location in the program memory. Only the program counter is pushed onto the stack. If the contents of the register or status register (STATUS) are altered by the interrupt service program which corrupts the desired control sequence, the contents should be saved in advance. External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transition of the INT and the related interrupt request flag (EIF; bit 4 of INTC) will be set. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the external interrupt is active, a subroutine call to location 04H will occur. The interrupt request flag (EIF) and EMI bits will be cleared to disable other interrupts. The internal Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt is initialized by setting the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 5 of INTC), caused by a timer 0 overflow. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location 08H will occur. The related interrupt request flag (T0F) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. The internal Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt is initialized by setting the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt request flag (T1F;bit 6 of INTC), caused by a timer 1 overflow. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and the T1F is set, a subroutine call to location 0CH Function C is set if the operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a rotate through carry instruction. AC is set if the operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is cleared. Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared. OV is set if the operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared. PDF is cleared by system power-up or executing the CLR WDT instruction. PDF is set by executing the HALT instruction. TO is cleared by system power-up or executing the CLR WDT or HALT instruction. TO is set by a WDT time-out. Unused bit, read as 0 Unused bit, read as 0 Status (0AH) Register
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AC Z OV PDF TO 3/4 3/4
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will occur. The related interrupt request flag (T1F) will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts. During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other interrupt acknowledge signals are held until the RETI instruction is executed or the EMI bit and the related interrupt control bit are set to 1 (if the stack is not full). To return from the interrupt subroutine, RET or RETI may be invoked. RETI will set the EMI bit to enable an interrupt service, but RET will not. Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding interrupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests the following table shows the priority that is applied. These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit. Interrupt Source External Interrupt Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow Priority 1 2 3 Vector 04H 08H 0CH Oscillator Configuration There are 2 oscillator circuits implemented in the microcontroller.
OSC1 OSC1
OSC2 C r y s ta l O s c illa to r
fS Y S /4 N M O S O p e n D r a in
OSC2 R C O s c illa to r
System Oscillator Both of them are designed for system clocks, namely the RC oscillator and the crystal oscillator, which are determined by options. No matter what oscillator type is selected, the signal provides the system clock. The HALT mode stops the system oscillator and resists the external signal to conserve power. If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VSS is required and the resistance should range from 100kW to 820kW. The system clock, divided by 4, is available on OSC2, which can be used to synchronize external logic. The internal RC oscillator provides the most cost effective solution. However, the frequency of oscillation may vary with VDD, temperatures and the chip itself due to process variations. It is, therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations where an accurate oscillator frequency is desired. If the crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator, and no other external components are demanded. Instead of a crystal, the resonator can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required. The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, and no external components are required. Even if the system enters the power down mode, the system clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works with a period of approximately 90ms. The WDT oscillator can be disabled by ROM code option to conserve power.
The Timer/Event Counter 0/1 interrupt request flag (T0F/T1F), external interrupt request flag (EIF), enable Timer/Event Counter 0/1 interrupt bit (ET0I/ET1I), enable external interrupt bit (EEI) and enable master interrupt bit (EMI) constitute an interrupt control register (INTC) which is located at 0BH in the data memory. EMI, EEI, ET0I and ET1I are used to control the enabling/disabling of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request flags (T0F, T1F, EIF) are set, they will remain in the INTC register until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a software instruction. It is recommended that a program does not use the CALL subroutine within the interrupt subroutine. Interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or need to be serviced immediately in some applications. If only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not well controlled, the original control sequence will be damaged once the CALL operates in the interrupt subroutine. Bit No. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Label EMI EEI ET0I ET1I EIF T0F T1F 3/4
Function Controls the master (global) interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) Controls the external interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) Controls the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) Controls the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt (1= enabled; 0= disabled) External interrupt request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) Internal Timer/Event Counter 0 request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) Internal Timer/Event Counter 1 request flag (1= active; 0= inactive) Unused bit, read as 0 INTC (0BH) Register
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Watchdog Timer - WDT The WDT clock source is implemented by a dedicated RC oscillator (WDT oscillator), instruction clock (system clock divided by 4), determines the ROM code option. This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction or sequence from jumping to an unknown location with unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can be disabled by ROM code option. If the Watchdog Timer is disabled, all the executions related to the WDT result in no operation. Once the internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with a period of 90ms at 3V normally) is selected, it is first divided by 256 (8-stage) to get the nominal time-out period of 23ms at 3V. This time-out period may vary with temperatures, VDD and process variations. By invoking the WDT prescaler, longer time-out periods can be realized. Writing data to WS2, WS1, WS0 (bit 2,1,0 of the WDTS) can give different time-out periods. If WS2, WS1, and WS0 are all equal to 1, the division ratio is up to 1:128, and the maximum time-out period is 2.9s/3V seconds. If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still come from the instruction clock and operates in the same manner except that in the HALT state the WDT may stop counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation the logic can only be restarted by external logic. The high nibble and bit 3 of the WDTS are reserved for users defined flags, which can be used to indicate some specified status. If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recommended, since the HALT will stop the system clock. WS2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 WS1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 WS0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 WDTS Register
S y s te m C lo c k /4 ROM Code O p tio n S e le c t W D T P r e s c a le r 8 - b it C o u n te r 7 - b it C o u n te r
The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize chip reset and set the status bit TO. But in the HALT mode, the overflow will initialize a warm reset and only the program counter and SP are reset to zero. To clear the contents of WDT (including the WDT prescaler), three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level to RES), software instruction and a HALT instruction. The software instruction include CLR WDT and the other set - CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2. Of these two types of instruction, only one can be active depending on the ROM code option - CLR WDT times selection option. If the CLR WDT is selected (i.e. CLRWDT times equal one), any execution of the CLR WDT instruction will clear the WDT. In the case that CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 are chosen (i.e. CLRWDT times equal two), these two instructions must be executed to clear the WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset the chip as a result of time-out. Power Down Operation - HALT The HALT mode is initialized by the HALT instruction and results in the following...
* The system oscillator will be turned off but the WDT
oscillator remains running (if the WDT oscillator is selected).
* The contents of the on chip RAM and registers remain
unchanged.
* WDT and WDT prescaler will be cleared and re-
counted again (if the WDT clock is from the WDT oscillator). * All of the I/O ports maintain their original status.
* The PDF flag is set and the TO flag is cleared.
Division Ratio 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16 1:32 1:64 1:128
The system can leave the HALT mode by means of an external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge signal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset causes a device initialization and the WDT overflow performs a warm reset. After the TO and PDF flags are examined, the reason for chip reset can be determined. The PDF flag is cleared by system power-up or executing the CLR WDT instruction and is set when executing the HALT instruction. The TO flag is set if the WDT time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets the program counter and SP; the others remain in their original status.
W DT OSC
8 -to -1 M U X W D T T im e - o u t
W S0~W S2
Watchdog Timer
Rev. 1.30
11
October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be considered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit in port A can be independently selected to wake up the device by options. Awakening from an I/O port stimulus, the program will resume execution of the next instruction. If it awakens from an interrupt, two sequence may occur. If the related interrupt is disabled or the interrupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program will resume execution at the next instruction. If the interrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt response takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to 1 before entering the HALT mode, the wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled. Once a wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 tSYS (system clock period) to resume normal operation. In other words, a dummy period will be inserted after a wake-up. If the wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledge signal, the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed by one or more cycles. If the wake-up results in the next instruction execution, this will be executed immediately after the dummy period is finished. To minimize power consumption, all the I/O pins should be carefully managed before entering the HALT status. Reset There are three ways in which a reset can occur:
* RES reset during normal operation * RES reset during HALT * WDT time-out reset during normal operation
An extra option load time delay is added during system reset (power-up, WDT time-out at normal mode or RES reset). The functional unit chip reset status are shown below. Program Counter Interrupt Prescaler WDT Timer/Event Counter Input/Output Ports Stack Pointer
V
000H Disable Clear Clear. After master reset, WDT begins counting Off Input mode Points to the top of the stack
V
DD
DD
0 .0 1 m F 100kW RES 0 .1 m F B a s ic Reset C ir c u it 10kW 0 .1 m F 100kW RES H i-n o is e Reset C ir c u it
Reset Circuit Note: Most applications can use the Basic Reset Circuit as shown, however for applications with extensive noise, it is recommended to use the Hi-noise Reset Circuit.
The WDT time-out during HALT is different from other chip reset conditions, since it can perform a warm re set that resets only the program counter and SP, leaving the other circuits in their original state. Some registers remain unchanged during other reset conditions. Most registers are reset to the initial condition when the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and TO flags, the program can distinguish between different chip resets. TO 0 u 0 1 1 PDF 0 u 1 u 1 RESET Conditions RES reset during power-up RES reset during normal operation RES wake-up HALT WDT time-out during normal operation WDT wake-up HALT
VDD RES S S T T im e - o u t C h ip R eset tS
ST
Reset Timing Chart
HALT W DT
RES
W a rm
R eset
Note: u stands for unchanged To guarantee that the system oscillator is started and stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the system reset (power-up, WDT time-out or RES reset) or the system awakes from the HALT state. When a system reset occurs, the SST delay is added during the reset period. Any wake-up from HALT will enable the SST delay.
OSC1
SST 1 0 - b it R ip p le C o u n te r S y s te m R eset
C o ld R eset
Reset Configuration
Rev. 1.30
12
October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
The states of the registers is summarized in the table. Register MP0 MP1 BP ACC Program Counter TBLP TBHP TBLH WDTS STATUS INTC TMR0 TMR0C TMR1H TMR1L TMR1C PA PAC PB PBC PC PCC PF PFC Note: Reset (Power On) xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 0000 xxxx xxxx 0000H xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 0000 0111 --00 xxxx -000 0000 xxxx xxxx 00-0 1000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 00-0 1--1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 ---- ---1 ---- ---1 * stands for warm reset u stands for unchanged x stands for unknown WDT Time-out (Normal Operation) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu 0000H uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000 0111 --1u uuuu -000 0000 xxxx xxxx 00-0 1000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 00-0 1--1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 ---- ---1 ---- ---1 RES Reset (Normal Operation) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu 0000H uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000 0111 --uu uuuu -000 0000 xxxx xxxx 00-0 1000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 00-0 1--1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 ---- ---1 ---- ---1 RES Reset (HALT) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000 0000 uuuu uuuu 0000H uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000 0111 --01 uuuu -000 0000 xxxx xxxx 00-0 1000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx 00-0 1--1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 --11 1111 --11 1111 ---- ---1 ---- ---1 WDT Time-out (HALT)* uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu 0000H uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu --11 uuuu -uuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uu-u uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uu-u u--uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu --uu uuuu --uu uuuu ---- ---u ---- ---u
Rev. 1.30
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October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Timer/Event Counter Two timer/event counters are (TMR0, TMR1) implemented in the device. The Timer/Event Counter 0 contains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come from an external source or the system clock. The Timer/Event Counter 1 contains an 16-bit programmable count-up counter and the clock may come from an external source or the system clock divided by 4. Of the two timer/event counters, using external clock input allows the user to count external events, measure time internals or pulse widths, or generate an accurate time base. While using the internal clock allows the user to generate an accurate time base. Only the Timer/Event Counter 0 can generate PFD signal by using external or internal clock, and PFD frequency is determine by the equation fINT/[2(256-N)]. There are 2 registers related to Timer/Event Counter 0; TMR0(0DH), TMR0C(0EH). In Timer/Event Counter 0 counting mode (T0ON=1), writing TMR0 will only put the written data to preload register (8 bits). The Timer/Event Counter 0 preload register is changed by each writing TMR0 operations. Reading TMR0 will also latch the TMR0 to the destination. The TMR0C is the Timer/Event Counter 0 control register, which defines the operating mode, counting enable or disable and active edge. The T0M0, T0M1 bits define the operating mode. The event count mode is used to count external events, which means the clock source comes from an external (TMR0) pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the fINT clock. The pulse width measurement mode can be used to count the high or low level duration of the external signal (TMR0). The counting is based on the fINT clock. In the event count or timer mode, once the Timer/Event Counter 0 starts counting, it will count from the current contents in the Timer/Event Counter 0 to FFH. Once overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the Timer/Event Counter 0 preload register and generates the corresponding interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 5 of INTC) at the same time. In pulse width measurement mode with the T0ON and T0E bits are equal to one, once the TMR0 has received a transition from low to high (or high to low if the T0E bit is 0) it will start counting until the TMR0 returns to the original level and reset the T0ON. The measured result will remain in the Timer/Event Counter 0 even if the activated transition occurs again. In other words, only one cycle measurement can be done. Until setting the T0ON, the cycle measurement will function again as long as it receives further transition pulse. Note that, in this operating mode, the Timer/Event Counter 0 starts counting not according to the logic level but according to the transition edges. In the case of counter overflows, the counter 0 is reloaded from the Timer/Event Counter Rev. 1.30 14 0 preload register and issues the interrupt request just like the other two modes. To enable the counting operation, the timer ON bit (T0ON; bit 4 of TMR0C) should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the T0ON will be cleared automatically after the measurement cycle is complete. But in the other two modes the T0ON can only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the Timer/Event Counter 0 is one of the wake-up sources. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to ET0I can disabled the corresponding interrupt service. In the case of Timer/Event Counter 0 OFF condition, writing data to the Timer/Event Counter 0 preload register will also load the data to Timer/Event Counter 0. But if the Timer/Event Counter 0 is turned on, data written to the Timer/Event Counter 0 will only be kept in the Ti m e r / E ve n t C o u n t e r 0 preload r e g i st e r. T h e Timer/Event Counter 0 will still operate until the overflow occurs (a Timer/Event Counter 0 reloading will occur at the same time). When the Timer/Event Counter 0 (reading TMR0) is read, the clock will be blocked to avoid errors. As this may results in a counting error, this must be taken into consideration by the programmer. The bit 0~2 of the TMR0C can be used to define the pre-scaling stages of the internal clock sources of Timer/Event Counter 0. The definitions are as shown. Bit No. Label Function
To define the prescaler stages, T0PSC2, T0PSC1, T0PSC0= 000: fINT=fSYS/2 001: fINT=fSYS/4 T0PSC0~ 010: fINT=fSYS/8 0~2 T0PSC2 011: fINT=fSYS/16 100: fINT=fSYS/32 101: fINT=fSYS/64 110: fINT=fSYS/128 111: fINT=fSYS/256 To define the TMR0 active edge of Timer/Event Counter 0 (0=active on low to high; 1=active on high to low) To enable/disable timer 0 counting (0=disabled; 1=enabled) Unused bit, read as 0 To define the operating mode (T0M1, T0M0) 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused TMR0C (0EH) Register
3
T0E
4 5
T0ON 3/4
6 7
T0M0 T0M1
October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
There are 3 registers related to Timer/Event Counter 1; TMR1H (0FH), TMR1L (10H), TMR1C (11H). Writing TMR1L will only put the written data to an internal lower-order byte buffer (8 bits) and writing TMR1H will transfer the specified data and the contents of the lower-order byte buffer to TMR1H and TMR1L preload registers, respectively. The Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register is changed by each writing TMR1H operations. Reading TMR1H will latch the contents of TMR1H and TMR1L counters to the destination and the lower-order byte buffer, respectively. Reading the TMR1L will read the contents of the lower-order byte buffer. The TMR1C is the Timer/Event Counter 1 control register, which defines the operating mode, counting enable or disable and active edge. The T1M0, T1M1 bits define the operating mode. The event count mode is used to count external events, which means the clock source comes from an external (TMR1) pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer with the clock source coming from the instruction clock. The pulse width measurement mode can be used to count the high or low level duration of the external signal (TMR1). The counting is based on the instruction clock. In the event count or timer mode, once the Timer/Event Counter 1 starts counting, it will count from the current contents in the Timer/Event Counter 1 to FFFFH. Once overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register and generates the corresponding interrupt request flag (T1F; bit 6 of INTC) at the same time.
(1 /2 ~ 1 /2 5 6 ) fS
YS
In pulse width measurement mode with the T1ON and T1E bits are equal to one, once the TMR1 has received a transition from low to high (or high to low if the T1E bit is 0) it will start counting until the TMR1 returns to the original level and reset the T1ON. The measured result will remain in the Timer/Event Counter 1 even if the activated transition occurs again. In other words, only one cycle measurement can be done. Until setting the T1ON, the cycle measurement will function again as long as it receives further transition pulse. Note that, in this operating mode, the Timer/Event Counter 1 starts counting not according to the logic level but according to the transition edges. In the case of counter overflows, the counter 1 is reloaded from the Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register and issues the interrupt request just like the other two modes. To enable the counting operation, the timer ON bit (T1ON; bit 4 of TMR1C) should be set to 1. In the pulse width measurement mode, the T1ON will be cleared automatically after the measurement cycle is complete. But in the other two modes the T1ON can only be reset by instructions. The overflow of the Timer/Event Counter 1 is one of the wake-up sources. No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to ET1I can disabled the corresponding interrupt service. In the case of Timer/Event Counter 1 OFF condition, writing data to the Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register will also load the data to Timer/Event Counter 1. But if the Timer/Event Counter 1 is turned on, data written to the Timer/Event Counter 1 will only be kept in the
8 - s ta g e P r e s c a le r 8 -1 M U X T0PSC 2~T0PSC 0 TM R0 T0E T0M 1 T0M 0 T0O N P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l f IN
T
D a ta B u s T0M 1 T0M 0 T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r 0 P r e lo a d R e g is te r
R e lo a d
8 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r (T M R 0 ) 2
O v e r flo w to In te r r u p t PFD
Timer/Event Counter 0
D a ta B u s T1M 1 fS Y S /4 T1M 0 T1E T1M 1 T1M 0 T1O N P u ls e W id th M e a s u re m e n t M o d e C o n tro l 1 6 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r (T M R 1 H /T M R 1 L ) 1 6 - b it T im e r /E v e n t C o u n te r P r e lo a d R e g is te r
TM R1
L o w B y te B u ffe r R e lo a d
O v e r flo w to In te rru p t
Timer/Event Counter 1
Rev. 1.30
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October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register. The Timer/Event Counter 1 will still operate until the overflow occurs (a Timer/Event Counter 1 reloading will occur at the same time). When the Timer/Event Counter 1 (reading TMR1H) is read, the clock will be blocked to avoid errors. As this may results in a counting error, this must be taken into consideration by the programmer. The definitions of the TMR1C are as shown. Bit No. Label 0~2 3 3/4 T1E Function Unused bit, read as 0 To define the active edge of TMR1 pin input signal (0/1: active on low to high/high to low) To enable/disable timer 1 counting (0/1: disabled/enabled) Unused bit, read as 0 To define the operating mode (T1M1, T1M0) 01=Event count mode (external clock) 10=Timer mode (internal clock) 11=Pulse width measurement mode 00=Unused at the T2 rising edge of instruction MOV A,[m] (m = 12H, 14H, 16H or 1CH). For output operation, all the data is latched and remains unchanged until the output latch is rewritten. Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC, PCC, PFC) to control the input/output configuration. With this control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input with or without (depends on options) pull-high resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically (i.e., on-the fly) under software control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch of the control register has to be set as 1. The pull-high resistor (if the pull-high resistor is enabled) will be exhibited automatically. The input sources also depends on the control register. If the control register bit is 1, the input will read the pad state (mov and read-modify-write instructions). If the control register bit is 0, the contents of the latches will move to internal data bus (mov and read-modify-write instructions). The input paths (pad state or latches) of read-modify-write instructions are dependent on the control register bits. For output function, CMOS is the only configuration. These control registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H, 17H and 1DH. After a chip reset, these input/output lines stay at high levels (pull-high options) or floating state (non-pull-high options). Each bit of these input/output latches can be set or cleared by SET [m].i (m=12H, 14H, 16H or 1CH) instructions. Some instructions first input data and then follow the output operations. For example, SET [m].i, CLR [m].i, CPLA [m] read the entire port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation), and then write the results back to the latches or the accumulator.
V C o n tr o l B it D a ta B u s D CK W r ite C o n tr o l R e g is te r C h ip R e s e t R e a d C o n tr o l R e g is te r Q QB S PA0 PB0 PB1 PC0 PF0 ~P /P ~P ~P A7 FD B7 C5 PU
DD
4 5
T1ON 3/4
6 7
T1M0 T1M1
TMR1C (11H) Register Input/Output Ports There are 23 bi-directional input/output lines in the micro-controller, labeled from PA to PC and PF, which are mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H], [16H] and [1CH], respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used as input and output operations. For input operation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready
D a ta B it Q D CK QB S M U X PFDEN ( P B 0 O n ly ) X M U
W r ite D a ta R e g is te r
( P B 0 O n ly )
PB0 PFD
R e a d D a ta R e g is te r S y s te m W a k e -u p ( P A o n ly ) IN T fo r P F 0 O n ly PFD
O P0~O P7
fo r P B 0 o n ly , c o n tr o l= P B 0 d a ta r e g is te r
Input/Output Ports Rev. 1.30 16 October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the device. The highest 2 bits of port C and 7 bits of port F are not physically implemented; on reading them a 0 is returned whereas writing then results in a no-operation. Pull-high resistors of each port are decided by an option bit. The PB0 is pin-shared with PFD signal, respectively. If the PFD option is selected, the output signal in output mode of PB0 will be the PFD signal. The input mode always remain its original functions. The PF0 and PC0 are pin-shared with INT and TMR 0. The INT signal is directly connected to PF0. The PFD output signal (in output mode) are controlled by the PB0 data register only. The truth table of PB0/PFD is listed below. The truth table of PB0/PFD is as shown. PBC (15H) Bit0 PB0/PFD Option PB0 (14H) Bit0 PB0 Pad Status Note: I x x I O PB0 D D O PFD 0 0 O PFD 1 PFD When calling a subroutine or an interrupt event occurring, the contents of the program counter are save into stack registers. If a returning from subroutine occurs, the contents of the program counter will restore from stack registers. Low Voltage Reset - LVR The microcontroller provides low voltage reset circuit in order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. If the supply voltage of the device is within the range 0.9V~VLVR, such as changing a battery, the LVR will automatically reset the device internally. The LVR includes the following specifications:
* The low voltage (0.9V~VLVR) has to remain in their
original state to exceed 1ms. If the low voltage state does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it and do not perform a reset function.
* The LVR uses the OR function with the external
RES signal to perform chip reset. The relationship between VDD and VLVR is shown below.
VDD 5 .5 V
I: Input; O: Output; D: Data
Bank Pointer There is a bank pointer used to control the program flow to go to any banks. A bank contains 8K16 address space. The contents of bank pointer are load into program counter when the JMP or CALL instruction is executed. The program counter is a 15-bit register whose contents are used to specify the executed instruction addresses.
V 1 .8 V
LVR
0 .9 V
V 5 .5 V
DD
V
LVR
LVR
D e te c t V o lta g e
0 .9 V 0V R e s e t S ig n a l
R eset *1
N o r m a l O p e r a tio n *2
R eset
Low Voltage Reset Note: *1 To make sure that the system oscillator has stabilized, the SST provides an extra delay of 1024 system clock pulses before entering the normal operation. *2 Since low voltage has to be maintained in its original state and exceed 1ms, therefore 1ms delay enters the reset mode.
Rev. 1.30
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October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Options The following table shows all kinds of options in the MCU. All of the options must be defined to ensure proper system functioning. Function PA0~PA7 wake-up enable or disable PC pull-high enable or disable PA pull-high enable or disable: Byte option PF pull-high enable or disable PB pull-high (PB0~PB3, PB4~PB7) enable or disable: Nibble option PB0 or PFD CLR WDT instructions System oscillators: RC or crystal WDT enable or disable WDT clock source: WDTOSC or system clock/4 (T1D) LVR function: enable or disable LVR voltage: 2.0V or 3.0V
Rev. 1.30
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October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Application Circuits
V
DD
VDD Reset C ir c u it V PA0~PA7 P B 0 /P F D PB1~PB7 P C 0 /T M R 0 VSS PC 1~PC 4 P C 5 /T M R 1 P F 0 /IN T OSC C ir c u it OSC1 OSC2 O S C C ir c u it H T 4 8 R A 3 /H T 4 8 C A 3 R RES 0 .1 m F
100kW 0 .1 m F
DD
470pF
OSC
OSC1 fS
YS
R C S y s te m 100kW SC
O s c illa to r <820kW
/4
OSC2 OSC1 C r y s ta l/R e s o n a to r S y s te m O s c illa to r F o r R 1 , C 1 , C 2 s e e n o te
C1
C2 R1 OSC2
Note:
1. Crystal/resonator system oscillators For crystal oscillators, C1 and C2 are only required for some crystal frequencies to ensure oscillation. For resonator applications C1 and C2 are normally required for oscillation to occur. For most applications it is not necessary to add R1. However if the LVR function is disabled, and if it is required to stop the oscillator when VDD falls below its operating range, it is recommended that R1 is added. The values of C1 and C2 should be selected in consultation with the crystal/resonator manufacturer specifications. 2. Reset circuit The reset circuit resistance and capacitance values should be chosen to ensure that VDD is stable and remains within its operating voltage range before the RES pin reaches a high level. Ensure that the length of the wiring connected to the RES pin is kept as short as possible, to avoid noise interference. 3. For applications where noise may interfere with the reset circuit and for details on the oscillator external components, refer to Application Note HA0075E for more information.
Rev. 1.30
19
October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Example
V
DD
VDD Reset C ir c u it RES 0 .1 m F VSS PA0 PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 PB2 33W VDD 1W Vbat 220W ~1kW 100mF PB3 PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 P C 0 /T M R 0 P B 0 /P F D PC1
100kW 0 .1 m F
OSC C ir c u it
OSC1 OSC2 P F 0 /IN T ( L e a r n in g In p u t) PC2 PC3 PC4 P C 5 /T M R 1 H T 4 8 R A 3 /H T 4 8 C A 3
R e c e iv e r
EEPROM
Rev. 1.30
20
October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Instruction Set
Introduction C e n t ra l t o t he s u c c e s s f u l oper a t i on o f a n y microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of program instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers to implement their application with the minimum of programming overheads. For easier understanding of the various instruction codes, they have been subdivided into several functional groupings. Instruction Timing Most instructions are implemented within one instruction cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or table read instructions where two instruction cycles are required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system oscillator, most instructions would be implemented within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be implemented within 1ms. Although instructions which require one more cycle to implement are generally limited to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instructions, it is important to realize that any other instructions which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low register or PCL will also take one more cycle to implement. As instructions which change the contents of the PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one more cycle will be required. Examples of such instructions would be CLR PCL or MOV PCL, A. For the case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the result of the comparison involves a skip operation then this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved then only one cycle is required. Moving and Transferring Data The transfer of data within the microcontroller program is one of the most frequently used operations. Making use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be transferred from registers to the Accumulator and vice-versa as well as being able to move specific immediate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most important data transfer applications is to receive data from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports. Arithmetic Operations The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and data manipulation is a necessary feature of most microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to ensure correct handling of carry and borrow data when results exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values in the destination specified. Logical and Rotate Operations The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass through the Accumulator which may involve additional programming steps. In all logical data operations, the zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero. Another form of logical data manipulation comes from the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on program requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for serial port programming applications where data can be rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit set high or low. Another application where rotate data operations are used is to implement multiplication and division calculations. Branches and Control Transfer Program branching takes the form of either jumps to specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a subroutine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program must return to the instruction immediately when the subroutine has been carried out. This is done by placing a return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause the program to jump back to the address right after the CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the program simply jumps to the desired location. There is no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the conditional branches. Here a decision is first made regarding the condition of a certain data memory or individual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and jump to the following instruction. These instructions are the key to decision making and branching within the program perhaps determined by the condition of certain input switches or by the condition of internal data bits.
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Bit Operations The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Memory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for output port bit programming where individual bits or port pins can be directly set high or low using either the SET [m].i or CLR [m].i instructions respectively. The feature removes the need for programmers to first read the 8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure that other bits are not changed and then output the port with the correct new data. This read-modify-write process is taken care of automatically when these bit operation instructions are used. Table Read Operations Data storage is normally implemented by using registers. However, when working with large amounts of fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconvenient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To overcome this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instructions provides the means by which this fixed data can be referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory. Other Operations In addition to the above functional instructions, a range of other instructions also exist such as the HALT instruction for Power-down operations and instructions to control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable program operations under extreme electric or electromagnetic environments. For their relevant operations, refer to the functional related sections. Instruction Set Summary The following table depicts a summary of the instruction set categorised according to function and can be consulted as a basic instruction reference using the following listed conventions. Table conventions: x: Bits immediate data m: Data Memory address A: Accumulator i: 0~7 number of bits addr: Program memory address
Mnemonic Arithmetic ADD A,[m] ADDM A,[m] ADD A,x ADC A,[m] ADCM A,[m] SUB A,x SUB A,[m] SUBM A,[m] SBC A,[m] SBCM A,[m] DAA [m] AND A,[m] OR A,[m] XOR A,[m] ANDM A,[m] ORM A,[m] XORM A,[m] AND A,x OR A,x XOR A,x CPL [m] CPLA [m]
Description
Cycles
Flag Affected
Add Data Memory to ACC Add ACC to Data Memory Add immediate data to ACC Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry Add ACC to Data memory with Carry Subtract immediate data from the ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Logical AND immediate Data to ACC Logical OR immediate Data to ACC Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC Complement Data Memory Complement Data Memory with result in ACC
1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1 1Note 1 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1
Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV Z, C, AC, OV C Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Logic Operation
Increment & Decrement
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Mnemonic INCA [m] INC [m] DECA [m] DEC [m] Rotate RRA [m] RR [m] RRCA [m] RRC [m] RLA [m] RL [m] RLCA [m] RLC [m] Data Move MOV A,[m] MOV [m],A MOV A,x Bit Operation CLR [m].i SET [m].i Branch JMP addr SZ [m] SZA [m] SZ [m].i SNZ [m].i SIZ [m] SDZ [m] SIZA [m] SDZA [m] CALL addr RET RET A,x RETI Table Read TABRDC [m] TABRDL [m] Miscellaneous NOP CLR [m] SET [m] CLR WDT CLR WDT1 CLR WDT2 SWAP [m] SWAPA [m] HALT Note: No operation Clear Data Memory Set Data Memory Clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Pre-clear Watchdog Timer Swap nibbles of Data Memory Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC Enter power down mode 1 1Note 1Note 1 1 1 1Note 1 1 None None None TO, PDF TO, PDF TO, PDF None None TO, PDF Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory 2Note 2Note None None Jump unconditionally Skip if Data Memory is zero Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC Subroutine call Return from subroutine Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC Return from interrupt 2 1Note 1note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 1Note 2 2 2 2 None None None None None None None None None None None None None Clear bit of Data Memory Set bit of Data Memory 1Note 1Note None None Move Data Memory to ACC Move ACC to Data Memory Move immediate data to ACC 1 1Note 1 None None None Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory right through Carry Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Rotate Data Memory left through Carry 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note 1 1Note None None C C None None C C Description Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Increment Data Memory Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Decrement Data Memory Cycles 1 1Note 1 1Note Flag Affected Z Z Z Z
1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required, if no skip takes place only one cycle is required. 2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution. 3. For the CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2 instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged.
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Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) ADCM A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) ADD A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) ADD A,x Description Operation Affected flag(s) ADDM A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) AND A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) AND A,x Description Operation Affected flag(s) ANDM A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC + [m] + C OV, Z, AC, C Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. [m] ACC + [m] + C OV, Z, AC, C Add Data Memory to ACC The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC + [m] OV, Z, AC, C Add immediate data to ACC The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC + x OV, Z, AC, C Add ACC to Data Memory The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is stored in the specified Data Memory. [m] ACC + [m] OV, Z, AC, C Logical AND Data Memory to ACC Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC AND [m] Z Logical AND immediate data to ACC Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC AND x Z Logical AND ACC to Data Memory Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. [m] ACC AND [m] Z
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CALL addr Description Subroutine call Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then increments by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruction. Stack Program Counter + 1 Program Counter addr None Clear Data Memory Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. [m] 00H None Clear bit of Data Memory Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0. [m].i 0 None Clear Watchdog Timer The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. WDT cleared TO 0 PDF 0 TO, PDF Pre-clear Watchdog Timer The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no effect. WDT cleared TO 0 PDF 0 TO, PDF Pre-clear Watchdog Timer The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunction with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Repetitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no effect. WDT cleared TO 0 PDF 0 TO, PDF
Operation Affected flag(s) CLR [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) CLR [m].i Description Operation Affected flag(s) CLR WDT Description Operation
Affected flag(s) CLR WDT1 Description
Operation
Affected flag(s) CLR WDT2 Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
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CPL [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) CPLA [m] Description Complement Data Memory Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. [m] [m] Z Complement Data Memory with result in ACC Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1s complement). Bits which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. ACC [m] Z Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value resulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by adding 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition. [m] ACC + 00H or [m] ACC + 06H or [m] ACC + 60H or [m] ACC + 66H C Decrement Data Memory Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. [m] [m] - 1 Z Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. ACC [m] - 1 Z Enter power down mode This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared. TO 0 PDF 1 TO, PDF
Operation Affected flag(s) DAA [m] Description
Operation
Affected flag(s) DEC [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) DECA [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) HALT Description
Operation Affected flag(s)
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INC [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) INCA [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) JMP addr Description Increment Data Memory Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. [m] [m] + 1 Z Increment Data Memory with result in ACC Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. ACC [m] + 1 Z Jump unconditionally The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction. Program Counter addr None Move Data Memory to ACC The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. ACC [m] None Move immediate data to ACC The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator. ACC x None Move ACC to Data Memory The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory. [m] ACC None No operation No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction. No operation None Logical OR Data Memory to ACC Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC OR [m] Z
Operation Affected flag(s) MOV A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) MOV A,x Description Operation Affected flag(s) MOV [m],A Description Operation Affected flag(s) NOP Description Operation Affected flag(s) OR A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s)
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OR A,x Description Operation Affected flag(s) ORM A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) RET Description Operation Affected flag(s) RET A,x Description Operation Affected flag(s) RETI Description Logical OR immediate data to ACC Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC OR x Z Logical OR ACC to Data Memory Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. [m] ACC OR [m] Z Return from subroutine The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the restored address. Program Counter Stack None Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address. Program Counter Stack ACC x None Return from interrupt The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by setting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed before returning to the main program. Program Counter Stack EMI 1 None Rotate Data Memory left The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. [m].(i+1) [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 [m].7 None Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. ACC.(i+1) [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 [m].7 None
Operation Affected flag(s) RL [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) RLA [m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s)
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RLC [m] Description Operation Rotate Data Memory left through Carry The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0. [m].(i+1) [m].i; (i = 0~6) [m].0 C C [m].7 C Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. ACC.(i+1) [m].i; (i = 0~6) ACC.0 C C [m].7 C Rotate Data Memory right The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. [m].i [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 [m].0 None Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. ACC.i [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 [m].0 None Rotate Data Memory right through Carry The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. [m].i [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) [m].7 C C [m].0 C Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. ACC.i [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6) ACC.7 C C [m].0 C
Affected flag(s) RLCA [m] Description
Operation
Affected flag(s) RR [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) RRA [m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s) RRC [m] Description Operation
Affected flag(s) RRCA [m] Description
Operation
Affected flag(s)
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SBC A,[m] Description Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. ACC ACC - [m] - C OV, Z, AC, C Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are subtracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. [m] ACC - [m] - C OV, Z, AC, C Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0 The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. [m] [m] - 1 Skip if [m] = 0 None Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. ACC [m] - 1 Skip if ACC = 0 None Set Data Memory Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. [m] FFH None Set bit of Data Memory Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1. [m].i 1 None
Operation Affected flag(s) SBCM A,[m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s) SDZ [m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s) SDZA [m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s) SET [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) SET [m].i Description Operation Affected flag(s)
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SIZ [m] Description Skip if increment Data Memory is 0 The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. [m] [m] + 1 Skip if [m] = 0 None Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. ACC [m] + 1 Skip if ACC = 0 None Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0 If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Skip if [m].i 0 None Subtract Data Memory from ACC The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. ACC ACC - [m] OV, Z, AC, C Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. [m] ACC - [m] OV, Z, AC, C Subtract immediate data from ACC The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1. ACC ACC - x OV, Z, AC, C
Operation Affected flag(s) SIZA [m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s) SNZ [m].i Description
Operation Affected flag(s) SUB A,[m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s) SUBM A,[m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s) SUB A,x Description
Operation Affected flag(s)
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SWAP [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) SWAPA [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) SZ [m] Description Swap nibbles of Data Memory The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. [m].3~[m].0 [m].7 ~ [m].4 None Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged. ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 [m].7 ~ [m].4 ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 [m].3 ~ [m].0 None Skip if Data Memory is 0 If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. Skip if [m] = 0 None Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction. ACC [m] Skip if [m] = 0 None Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0 If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction. Skip if [m].i = 0 None Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. [m] program code (low byte) TBLH program code (high byte) None Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH. [m] program code (low byte) TBLH program code (high byte) None
Operation Affected flag(s) SZA [m] Description
Operation Affected flag(s) SZ [m].i Description
Operation Affected flag(s) TABRDC [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) TABRDL [m] Description Operation Affected flag(s)
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XOR A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) XORM A,[m] Description Operation Affected flag(s) XOR A,x Description Operation Affected flag(s) Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC XOR [m] Z Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Data Memory. [m] ACC XOR [m] Z Logical XOR immediate data to ACC Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator. ACC ACC XOR x Z
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Package Information
28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
28 A
15 B
1
14
C C' G H D E F
a
Symbol A B C C D E F G H a
Dimensions in mil Min. 394 290 14 697 92 3/4 4 32 4 0 Nom. 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 50 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 Max. 419 300 20 713 104 3/4 3/4 38 12 10
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28-pin SSOP (209mil) Outline Dimensions
28 A
15 B
1 C C'
14
G H a F
D E
Symbol A B C C D E F G H a
Dimensions in mil Min. 291 196 9 396 65 3/4 4 26 4 0 Nom. 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 25.59 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 Max. 323 220 15 407 73 3/4 10 34 8 8
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Product Tape and Reel Specifications
Reel Dimensions
T2 D
A
B
C
T1
SOP 28W (300mil) Symbol A B C D T1 T2 Description Reel Outer Diameter Reel Inner Diameter Spindle Hole Diameter Key Slit Width Space Between Flange Reel Thickness Dimensions in mm 3301.0 621.5 13.0+0.5 -0.2 2.00.5 24.8+0.3 -0.2 30.20.2
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Carrier Tape Dimensions
D
E F
P0
P1
t
W C
B0
D1
P
K0 A0
SOP 28W (300mil) Symbol W P E F D D1 P0 P1 A0 B0 K0 t C Description Carrier Tape Width Cavity Pitch Perforation Position Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) Perforation Diameter Cavity Hole Diameter Perforation Pitch Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) Cavity Length Cavity Width Cavity Depth Carrier Tape Thickness Cover Tape Width Dimensions in mm 24.00.3 12.00.1 1.750.1 11.50.1 1.5+0.1 1.5+0.25 4.00.1 2.00.1 10.850.1 18.340.1 2.970.1 0.350.01 21.3
Rev. 1.30
37
October 12, 2007
HT48RA3/HT48CA3
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters) No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan Tel: 886-3-563-1999 Fax: 886-3-563-1189 http://www.holtek.com.tw Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office) 4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-2655-7070 Fax: 886-2-2655-7373 Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline) Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shanghai Sales Office) 7th Floor, Building 2, No.889, Yi Shan Rd., Shanghai, China 200233 Tel: 86-21-6485-5560 Fax: 86-21-6485-0313 http://www.holtek.com.cn Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office) 5/F, Unit A, Productivity Building, Cross of Science M 3rd Road and Gaoxin M 2nd Road, Science Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China 518057 Tel: 86-755-8616-9908, 86-755-8616-9308 Fax: 86-755-8616-9722 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Beijing Sales Office) Suite 1721, Jinyu Tower, A129 West Xuan Wu Men Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100031 Tel: 86-10-6641-0030, 86-10-6641-7751, 86-10-6641-7752 Fax: 86-10-6641-0125 Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Chengdu Sales Office) 709, Building 3, Champagne Plaza, No.97 Dongda Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 610016 Tel: 86-28-6653-6590 Fax: 86-28-6653-6591 Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office) 46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538 Tel: 1-510-252-9880 Fax: 1-510-252-9885 http://www.holtek.com
Copyright O 2007 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holteks products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Rev. 1.30
38
October 12, 2007

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